Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
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Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Screw Terminal Type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
| Type / Series | Feature | Useful Life time [h] | Operating Temperature range [℃] | Standard product | Small-sized product | High-reliability product | Operating voltage[V.DC] | Capacitance range[µF] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | VF UPGRADE! | Standard | 4,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | 6.3〜600 | 560〜680,000 | ||
| VG UPGRADE! | 105℃, Standard | 4,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | 25〜500 | 680〜330,000 | |||
| VFL UPGRADE! | Long-life, Standard | 8,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | 350〜550 | 680〜27,000 | |||
| VGL UPGRADE! | 105℃, Long-life, Standard | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | 350〜500 | 680〜27,000 | |||
| VFH UPGRADE! | Long-life | 20,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 680〜27,000 | ||
| High-ripple current | VFR UPGRADE! | Small-sized, High-ripple current | 4,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 820〜27,000 | |
| VGR UPGRADE! | Small-sized, High-ripple current | 4,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 680〜22,000 | ||
| VFLR UPGRADE! | Small-sized, High-ripple current | 8,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 820〜27,000 | ||
| VGLR UPGRADE! | Small-sized, High-ripple current | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 680〜22,000 | ||
| VFHR UPGRADE! | High-ripple current, Long-life | 20,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 680〜22,000 | ||
| Large-capacitance | HCGWA | Ultra small | 4,000 | -10〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 5,600〜57,000 | |
| HCGW2 UPGRADE! | Ultra small | 4,000 | -10〜+85 | ◎ | 400〜500 | 7,500〜33,000 | |||
| HCGW3 UPGRADE! | Ultra small | 4,000 | -10〜+70 | ◎ | 350〜500 | 10,000〜51,000 | |||
| FXW UPGRADE! | Ultra small, Long-life | 8,000 | -10〜+85 | ◯ | ◯ | 350〜450 | 9,000〜45,000 | ||
| FXW2 UPGRADE! | Ultra small, Long-life | 8,000 | -10〜+85 | ◎ | ◯ | 350〜500 | 7,900〜42,000 | ||
| Not recommended for the new design. | HCG7A | ★Recommended series :VF" | 4,000 | -25〜+85 | 6.3〜100 | 3,300〜680,000 | |||
| HCGF5A | ★Recommended series :VF" | 4,000 | -25〜+85 | 160〜450 | 270〜39,000 | ||||
| HCGF6A | ★Recommended series :VF" | 4,000 | -25〜+85 | 400〜500 | 1,200〜22,000 | ||||
| FXA | ★Recommended series :VFL" | 8,000 | -40〜+85 | 350〜450 | 1,000〜18,000 | ||||
| FX2 | ★Recommended series :VFL" | 8,000 | -40(-25)〜+85 | 400〜600 | 1,000〜22,000 | ||||
| FX3 | ★Recommended series :VFL" | 8,000 | -40〜+85 | 400〜500 | 1,200〜22,000 | ||||
| FXR3 | ★Recommended series :VFLR" | 8,000 | -40〜+85 | 400〜500 | 1,800〜22,000 | ||||
| HXA | ★Recommended series :VFH" | 20,000 | -40〜+85 | 350〜450 | 1,000〜15,000 | ||||
| HCGHA | ★Recommended series :VG" | 4,000 | -40〜+105 | 25〜400 | 330〜330,000 | ||||
| GXA | ★Recommended series :VGL" | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | 350〜450 | 1,000〜15,000 | ||||
| GX2 | ★Recommended series :VGL" | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | 400〜500 | 1,000〜10,000 | ||||
| GX3 | ★Recommended series :VGL" | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | 400, 450 | 1,500〜12,000 | ||||
| GXR3 | ★Recommended series :VGLR" | 8,000 | -40〜+105 | 400, 450 | 2,200〜18,000 | ||||
Snap Mount Type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
| Type / Series | Feature | Useful Life time [h] | Operating Temperature range [℃] | Standard product | Small-sized product | High-reliability product | Operating voltage[V.DC] | Capacitance range[µF] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | HP3 | Standard | 4,000 | -40〜+85 | ◯ | 16〜450 | 120〜33,000 | ||
| HU3 | 105℃, Standard | 4,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | 16〜450 | 68〜33,000 | |||
| HU UPGRADE! | 105℃, Small-sized | 4,000 | -40(-25)〜+105 | ◎ | 200〜550 | 82〜2,200 | |||
| ZL UPGRADE! | 105℃, Small-sized | 5,000 | -40(-25)〜+105 | ◯ | 200〜550 | 82〜2,700 | |||
| Long -life | HL UPGRADE! | 105℃, Small-sized | 8,000 | -40(-25)〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 200〜500 | 56〜2,700 | |
| YL | 105℃, Small-sized | 10,000 | -25〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 400〜500 | 82〜680 | ||
| XL1 | 105℃ | 15,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 200〜450 | 56〜1,800 | ||
| Special application | UW | Ultra small | 2,000 | -10〜+105 | ◎ | 450 | 210〜1,150 | ||
| CU | 105℃, side-vent type, High-ripple current | 4,000 | -25〜+105 | ◯ | 400〜500 | 120〜1,200 | |||
| ZR2 NEW! | High-ripple current | 5,000 | -25〜+105 | ◯ | 400, 450 | 180〜1,500 | |||
| ZR | High-ripple current | 5,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | ◯ | 400, 450 | 150〜680 | ||
| PS2 NEW! | High-ripple current, large capacitance | 4,000 | -40(-25)〜+85 | ◯ | 200〜600 | 180〜4,700 | |||
| US2 NEW! | High-ripple current, large capacitance | 4,000 | -40〜+105 | ◯ | 200〜450 | 330〜4,700 | |||
| DH | Charge-Discharge | 5,000 | -25〜+105 | ◎ | 400, 450 | 82〜680 | |||
| HW UPGRADE! | Flash | ー | -20〜+55 | ◎ | 330〜450 | 320〜3,800 | |||
| HS UPGRADE! | Flash | ー | -20〜+55 | ◯ | 330〜450 | 300〜3,100 | |||
Radial Type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
| Type / Series | Feature | Useful Life time [h] | Operating Temperature range [℃] | Standard product | Small-sized product | High-reliability product | Operating voltage[V.DC] | Capacitance range[µF] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | HU | Standard | 2,000 | -25〜+105 | ◯ | 200〜450 | 8.2〜560 | ||
| HL | Standard, Long-life | 5,000 | -25〜+105 | ◯ | 200〜450 | 8.2〜560 | |||
FAQs
What quality standards do these capacitors meet?
Our aluminum electrolytic capacitors, including series such as VF, VG, VFL, and VGL, meet rigorous quality standards to ensure exceptional reliability and performance. We ensure compliance with the RoHS directive, which restricts the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Our capacitors meet are the highest industry standards.
Can these capacitors be customized for specific applications?
Yes, we offer customization options for our aluminum electrolytic capacitors across various series, including VF, VG, VFH, and others. For example, we can add a Charge-Discharge function to our regular series, such as VF, VG, VFL, VGL, VFH, FXA, FX2, HXA, GXA, and GX2. This allows us to tailor the capacitors to meet specific electrical characteristics and operational requirements based on your unique needs.
How do AIC Tech's capacitors handle high ripple currents and what makes them suitable for such applications?
Our aluminum electrolytic capacitors, particularly the high-ripple current series like VFR, VGR, VFLR, VGLR, VFHR, and others, are engineered to handle high ripple currents with outstanding efficiency. We utilize advanced design techniques that enhance these capacitors' ability to withstand high ripple currents without overheating or degrading. The VFHR and VFR series, for instance, offer long-life and high-ripple current capabilities, making them ideal for even the most demanding applications.
How do AIC Tech's capacitors perform in harsh environmental conditions, such as high humidity or corrosive atmospheres?
We design our aluminum electrolytic capacitors, such as those in the VGL and VFH series, to perform reliably under specified environmental conditions. Our capacitors are engineered to operate within wide temperature ranges, from -40°C to +105°C, depending on the series. However, we recommend avoiding exposure to corrosive atmospheres or excessive humidity, as these conditions can lead to capacitor failures. Proper environmental controls are essential to ensure reliable performance in such environments.
Can these capacitors be used in applications involving high-frequency currents or harmonics?
Yes, our aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be effectively used in applications involving high-frequency currents or harmonics. We offer series such as VFR and VGR, which are specifically designed to handle frequency and harmonic conditions. It’s important to select the appropriate series based on the frequency characteristics of your application to ensure optimal performance.
What is the typical lifespan of these capacitors, and how does operating temperature affect their longevity?
The typical lifespan of our aluminum electrolytic capacitors varies by series. For example, our VFH and VFHR series offer a lifespan of up to 20,000 hours, while our VG and VF series offer around 4,000 hours. Operating temperature plays a crucial role in capacitor longevity; our capacitors should be used within their specified temperature ranges (-40°C to +105°C, depending on the series) to avoid thermal overload, which can reduce their lifespan. Proper cooling and maintaining temperatures within recommended limits are key to maximizing the lifespan of our capacitors.
Are these capacitors compliant with environmental and safety standards, such as the RoHS directive?
Yes, all of our aluminum electrolytic capacitors, including series like VF, VG, VFH, and others, comply with the RoHS directive. This ensures that our capacitors do not contain hazardous substances, meeting stringent environmental and safety standards and making them safe for a wide range of applications.
Basics of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Internal structure of aluminum electrolytic capacitors
Manufacturing processes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors
① Etching (expanding surface area)
The processing for expanding the surface of aluminum foil.
High purity aluminum foil, 500mm wide and 0.1mm thick is continuously processed electrochemically by flowing direct current through a chlorine bath solution. The surface area is expanded 50-100 times for low-voltage use capacitors and 10-40 times for medium to high-voltage use capacitors.
② Forming (dielectric formation)
The process of forming the dielectric(Al2O3).
The dielectric is formed in a continuous electrochemical process by passing a voltage that is 120-200 percent of the working voltage through etched aluminum foil that is in a bath of boric acid ammonium. The dielectric is extremely thin, about 14Å/V.
③ Slitting
The formed aluminum foil(anode foil), cathode foil and electrolytic paper are slit according to the product size.
④ Winding
Electrolytic paper is inserted between the slit anode foil and the opposite cathode foil and rolled into a tube. Leads are connected because both electrode foils are concerted to a terminal. To prevent mechanical contact between the anode and cathode electrode foils, the electrolytic pass functions to hold the electrolytic liquid which is a cathode electrode.
⑤ Impregnation
The process of inserting the electrolytic liquid into the device by pressurization and depressurization. The electrolytic fluid is uses such things for solvents as boric acid and organic acid ammonium with ethylene glycol as the main medium. These have a very big effect on the life, frequency characteristics, range of operating temperature and temperature characteristics of the capacitor.
⑥ Assembly
After making holes on lead tab insulation cap are connected to lead.
⑦ Sealing
The impregnated device is sealed by an aluminum case and sealant to keep it airtight.
⑧ Reforming (aging)
This is the process of applying voltage at high temperature to debug, to form the dielectric that has been damaged during assembly and to shear the anode foil during slitting.
⑨ Inspection of all parts
Inspection is made of the external appearance and the electrical characteristics of all aged parts.
⑩ Sampling, packaging and shipping
An inspection is made according to fixed sampling standards and the capacitors that pass the inspection are packed and shipped. Detailed tests are made periodically to check quality.
Service Life of an Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
1. Factors affecting service life
Environmental factors affecting the service life of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor include temperature, humidity and vibration (environment), as well as electrical factors, applied voltage, ripple current and charging / discharging conditions. In capacitors for mid-to-high-voltage filters, temperature and applied voltage are the most important controlling factors. The estimated service life may be calculated based on the core temperature of the capacitor and the applied voltage.
1.1 Temperature Conditions
Impact on Service Life: Higher ambient temperatures accelerate the decrease in capacitance and increase the tangent change for the loss angle, primarily due to gas generation from the electrolytic solution.
Estimating Service Life: The service life can be extended by lowering the core temperature, which can be achieved by reducing ambient temperature, lowering load current, or improving capacitor design to enhance cooling.
1.2 Voltage Conditions
Impact on Service Life: Applying voltage below the rated level can extend the service life. However, if the voltage drops below 60% of the rated voltage, its impact on service life becomes negligible.
Voltage Management: It's crucial to keep the applied voltage below the rated level to prevent rapid deterioration, such as leakage current increase or internal pressure buildup, which can lead to safety vent activation or internal short circuits.
2. Other Factors Affecting Service Life
2.1 Reverse Voltage
Applying reverse voltage leads to the formation of an oxide film on the cathode foil, generating heat and gases, which significantly shortens service life.
2.2 Charge and Discharge
Frequent charging and discharging cause oxide film formation on the cathode foil, reducing the service life. General-purpose capacitors are not suitable for applications like photo flash or welding circuits.
2.3 Inrush Current
Inrush currents, which are significantly larger than normal currents, can occur when powering up devices like welding machines. While occasional inrush currents are manageable, frequent occurrences can drastically shorten the capacitor's service life.
Reducing Substances with Environmental Impact
As part of our initiatives for global environment protection under ISO 14001, we recommend products without any substances with environmental impact to our customers.
(1) Lead-free
Regarding Snap mount type and Radial type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, our standard specification is to use Tin instead of Lead on the surface of terminal plating. We discontinued producing Tin ＋ Lead plating. Regarding Screw terminal type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, they do not contain Lead at all. Please contact us for details.
(2) Eliminating Chromate Treatment
The previous chromate treatment on the surface of bracket contained hexavalent chromium.
To avoid this material, we changed to trivalent chromium.
The surface treatment is changed but no change in size or other specification.
In addition to Lead-free, aluminum electrolytic capacitors that we produce have suited RoHS Directive.
(3) PVC-free
For PVC-free Snap mount type and Radial type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, the capacitors are covered with PET insulating sleeve, and The bottoms not covered. Please contact us for other PVC-free products.
(4) Conform RoHS
All series (Screw terminal type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, Snap mount type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, Radial type Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors) apply RoHS